Gambling involves risking something of value on an event with uncertain outcomes, often with the goal of winning something else of value. It can be an enjoyable and social activity, but it also can cause serious financial problems. A person who has a gambling problem may experience difficulties in relationships, work, school, and personal finances. Several effective treatments are available, including therapy and medication. If you know a person who has a gambling disorder, offer them your support and encouragement to seek treatment.
While the vast majority of gamblers are responsible, a small percentage develop pathological gambling (PG), an impulse control disorder that is characterized by persistent and recurrent maladaptive patterns of gambling behaviors. The symptoms of PG usually begin during adolescence or young adulthood and continue for several years. Men are more likely to develop PG than women, and they tend to report problems with strategic or face-to-face forms of gambling, such as poker or blackjack.
Unlike most other recreational activities, gambling is very risky and can result in financial losses, debt, or even bankruptcy. In addition, it can affect a person’s self-esteem and lead to substance abuse. People with a gambling addiction often have mood disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or stress, which can trigger or worsen their gambling behavior.
Although there are no medications specifically approved by the FDA for treating gambling disorder, some antidepressants and antianxiety drugs can help relieve underlying symptoms. Behavioral therapy can help reduce compulsive gambling and improve interpersonal skills. Other techniques include family therapy and marriage, career, and credit counseling, which can address the specific issues caused by gambling and lay the foundation for a healthy life without gambling.
In addition, a person who is battling gambling addiction should consider removing temptations from their home and workplace. This can help them focus on more productive and fulfilling tasks. They can also use money management tools to help them stay in control of their spending habits. This can include having someone else pay their bills, closing their online betting accounts, putting them on auto-pay, or keeping only a small amount of cash on hand.
A person who has a gambling addiction can also benefit from joining a peer support group, such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12-step model used by Alcoholics Anonymous. These groups can help them deal with relapse and other setbacks, as well as provide guidance and support in maintaining abstinence.
Taking up a hobby, participating in community service, or exercising can be useful ways to reduce boredom and replace the need to gamble. It is also important to find healthy coping mechanisms for unpleasant emotions. People who gamble often do so to soothe themselves, distract themselves from boredom, or ease depression or anxiety. Finding healthier ways to deal with these feelings can be a long process, but it is essential for a successful recovery from gambling disorder.